Basics of STI/RTI
What
are signs and symptoms?
1. Doctors
examine and observed signs of RTI/STI
2. STI/RTI
signs are external and internal some may seen only after internal examination
3. Complaints
of symptoms are told by the patients to the doctor
4. When
the patients with no signs and symptoms of infection so are called asymptomatic
What is STI/RTI?
·
Reproductive Tract Infections(RTI):Any
infection of the reproductive tracts in males, females, and
transgender/transsexual
·
Sexually Transmitted Infections
(STI):Infections caused by germs that are passed from one person to another mainly
through sexual contact
Note:
HIV infection spreads mostly through unsafe sexual practices HIV infection is
also an STI.
What
is Reproductive Tract Infections (RTI?)
Reproductive Tract Infections(RTI) is transmitted
in three ways:
· Over
growth of normal organisms in the genital system-Eg. Bacterial Vaginosis,
candidiasis
· Infections
following improper procedures during catheterization, IUD insertion,
termination of pregnancy, delivery, etc.
unsafe sexual practice they are sexually transmitted infections (STI)
What is a sexually transmitted infection
(STI?)
A group of communicable infections
transmitted predominantly by unsafe sexual practice including close body
contact
Main symptoms and signs of STI/RTI
· Genital
ulcers Diseases syndrome-Non Herpes
· Genital
ulcers Diseases syndrome- Herpetic
· Vaginal/Cervical
Discharge Syndrome
· Urethral
Discharge Syndrome
· Inguinal
Bubo Syndrome
· Painful
Scrotal Swelling Syndrome
· Ano-Rectal
Discharge Syndrome
· Oral-Anal
STI Syndrome
Skin Conditions (other STI/RTI)
I. Genital Scabies
II. Genital Warts
III.
Pubic Louse infection
Molluscum Contagiosum
SYMPTOMS OF RTI/STI in Males
Discharge /burning or pain while passing urine or itching on the interior parts
over penise
· Genital
itching
· Swelling
in groin or scrotal
· Ulcers
on penise they may be painful or pain less or on the genitals, anus, mouth,
lips
· Itching
or tingling in or on private parts
· Ano
rectal discharge, sore throat
on genital ,anus, or surrounding area
SYMPTOMS OF RTI/STI in
Females
Vaginal
discharge
Genital
itching
Abnormal
or heavy bleeding from vagina
Pain
while having sex
Lower
abdominal pain, sore throat
Genital
itching
Abnormal
or heavy bleeding from vagina
Pain
while having sex
Lower
abdominal pain, sore throat
Blisters
or ulcers on anus, genital area, mouth, lips
STI/RTI-in Women
- Infections
are more easily transmitted from men to women because women are receptive
partner - Around
50% of STI in women are symptomatic they even don’t know - Females
are easily infected than men - Women
have more complications than men like cancer, infertility - If
untreated STI in women cause still birth, abortions, eye infection at birth low birth
weight infants, abnormal child, Death of blindness in new-born due to
infection from mother,
Complications of STI in Women
transmission
· Mother
to child transmission
· Abortion,
miscarriage
· Infertility
in women
· Damage
to the heart and brain in the late stage of syphilis, leading to death
· Congenital
Malformations
· Pelvic
inflammatory disease
cancer, Ectopic pregnancy
STI-HIV are Inter-related
are sexually transmitted
the population having high rate of STI there is high rate of transmission of
HIV
3. STI
causes change in mucosa which invites fast transmission of HIV
treatment of STI can reduce of HIV infection
Most STI/RTI are treatable and curable,
except viral STI such as Herpes and HIV which can be treated but not cured
For complete cure the client should: Take
medicines as prescribed by the doctor
Complete the Treatment as there are chance of
relapse
Come back to the clinic is signs and symptoms
of STI/RTI are not gone or if
there is side effects with the medicine
if the partner does not have symptoms of STI/RTI)
In case of SYPHILIS, a client needs to:
Undergo
Blood test to check for syphilis as even when the symptoms disappear,
the germs may remain in the body and blood test is the only way to find it out
the Test for syphilis after six month
PREVENTIVE
MEASURES FOR STI/RTI
which each and every individual should follow is to practice safer sex
1. Use
of condom consistently while having sexual intercourse
2.
Non penetrative sex
3.
Mutual masturbation
4.
Kiss, cuddle. Massage, embrace
5.
Abstinence from sex or being faithful to a
single loyal partner reduces the risk of STI/RTI
Maintaining Hygiene cleaning external
reproductive organs at the time of bath, During menstruation women should use
clean washed sun dried cotton cloth or good sanitary napkins and change it 3 to
4 times in a day, delivery should take place in hygienic and safe conditions,
Abortion should be done only at a government recognised center and by using
safe methods
SOME OTHER PREVENTIVE MEASURES AND ISSUES IN
STI PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
prevent and treat STI requires attention to both symptomatic and asymptomatic
infections; Risk reduction using condoms consistently; building negotiation
skills; limiting numbers of partners; antimicrobial therapy; detection of
asymptomatic individuals who do not go for treatment; STI management in
partners; follow up management of side effects; standard precaution for
healthcare workers/providers.
CONCLUSION
How big is the problem of
STI?
According to WHO around 340
million new cases every year occurs and in India 30 million episodes every year
Mostly affected age groups
of 15 to 49 years men and women are found